Law and Ethics Notes

1. What are the 5 freedoms of the 1st amendment?
-Freedom of Speech
-Freedom of Religion
-Freedom of the Press
-Freedom of Petition
-Freedom of Assembly

2. What is the Tinker Standard?
Student speech cannot be censored as long as it does not "materially disrupt class work or involve substantial disorder or invasion of the rights of others."
-"Our rights as students are not left at the school gates."
-Tinker vs. Des Moines School District (1969)
-Black armbands in 1965.

3. What is the Fraser Standard?
Because school officials have an "interest in teaching students the boundaries of socially appropriate behavior, " they can censor student speech that is vulgar or indecent, even if it does not cause a "material of substantial disruption."
-Bethel School District vs. Fraser (1986)
-Inappropriate speech for class president

4. What is the Hazelwood Standard?
Censorship of school sponsored student expression is permissible when school officials can show that it is "reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns."
-Hazelwood School District vs. Kuhlmeier (1988)
-Censor stories in student newspaper about teen pregnancy and divorce.

5. What is the Frederick Standard?
-Morse vs. Frederick (June 25th, 2007)
-January 2002, Olympic torch travels through town
-Senior Frederick unveils banner on the sidewalk across the street which reads: Bong hits 4 Jesus."
-Suspended for 10 days
-School authorized field trips also counts as being at school in terms of rights of students.

6. What is the definition of libel?
A false statement that is written that defames someones character, or hurts someones reputation.